Review article
Materials Science
Generative artificial intelligence for discovering new materials
Coshare Science 02, 07 | Published 31 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.61109/cs.202410.134
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T.D. Sparks, Generative artificial intelligence for discovering new materials, Coshare Science 02, 07 (2024).
Abstract

Crystal structure prediction has long fascinated scientists. There has been intense investigation over the last century ranging from simplistic rules to data-driven predictions and, most recently, generative artificial intelligence tools developed by academics and now deployed at scale by private companies like DeepMind. The author describes the timeline of crystal structure prediction and how machine learning has supplemented and, in some cases, replaced traditional approaches. The video article compares generative models including variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, and diffusion models and describes new efforts to condition these models to achieve inverse design of new crystal structures. Specific examples of xtal2png and CrysTens representations were given.

Keywords
generative machine learning
materials discovery
inverse design
modeling
high throughput
materials informatics
Introduction
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Results and discussion
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Conclusions
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Declarations
The author declares no competing interests.
Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. DMR-1651668 and DMR-1950589. The work was also supported by the Army Research Office Materials Design program under contract number #W911NF-23-1-0333.

References

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2. H. Park, Z.Z. Li, and A. Walsh, Has generative artificial intelligence solved inverse materials design?, Matter 7, 2355 (2024). 

3. M. Alverson, S.G. Baird, R. Murdock, (Enoch) Sin-Hang Ho, J. Johnson, and T.D. Sparks, Generative adversarial networks and diffusion models in material discovery, Digital Discovery 3, 62 (2023). 

4. B. Sanchez-Lengeling, E. Reif, A. Pearce, and A.B. Wiltschko, A gentle introduction to graph neural networks, Distill 6 (2021).

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6. D.M. Anstine and O. Isayev, Generative models as an emerging paradigm in the chemical sciences, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 8736 (2023). 

7. L.M. Antunes, K.T. Butler, and R. Grau-Crespo, Crystal structure generation with autoregressive large language modeling, arXiv:2307.04340 (2023).

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Open Access This video article (including but not limited to the video presentation, related slides, images and text manuscript) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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